Organic Analysis Flashcards

Organic Analysis

A-Level AQA Chemistry

This pack of flashcards covers analytical techniques in chemistry, focusing on mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. It addresses principles, definitions, and applications, such as identifying molecular ions, functional groups, and differentiating compounds with high-resolution analysis. The cards also integrate practical examples, including spectral interpretation and the identification of specific bonds and functional groups using spectral data.

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Describe mass spectrometry.	Mass spectrometry is a technique used to analyze organic molecules by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.
What is the molecular ion in mass spectrometry?	The molecular ion is the ion formed when an organic molecule hasn't fragmented and has a charge of +1.
Define high resolution mass spectrometry.	High resolution mass spectrometry is a technique that can accurately measure the mass of ions to 5 decimal places, allowing for the determination of the molecular formula of a compound.
How can high resolution mass spectrometry differentiate between compounds with similar masses?	High resolution mass spectrometry can differentiate between compounds with similar masses by providing the accurate mass of the molecular ion, which can help determine the molecular formula.
Describe the concept of relative abundances in mass spectrometry.	Relative abundances refer to the different intensities of peaks in a mass spectrum, indicating the relative abundance of different isotopes or fragments in a sample.
What is the purpose of infrared spectroscopy?	The purpose of infrared spectroscopy is to identify the types of bonds present in a molecule by measuring the absorption of infrared radiation at characteristic frequencies.
Define 'functional group identification' in the context of infrared spectroscopy.	'Functional group identification' refers to the analysis of infrared spectra above 1500 cm-¹ to determine the presence of specific functional groups in a molecule.
What is the significance of the 'fingerprinting' region in infrared spectroscopy?	The 'fingerprinting' region of an infrared spectrum, below 1500 cm-¹, is unique for every compound and can be used to identify and distinguish between different compounds.
How can infrared absorption data be used to identify particular functional groups?	By comparing the absorption peaks in an infrared spectrum to known absorption ranges for specific functional groups, one can identify the presence or absence of those functional groups in a molecule.
Describe the process of using infrared spectroscopy to identify a compound.	Infrared spectroscopy involves comparing the infrared spectrum of an unknown compound to a database of known pure compounds. By matching the absorption peaks, the unknown compound can be identified.
What does an absorption or trough in the range of 1680-1750 cm-¹ indicate in infrared spectroscopy?	An absorption or trough in this range indicates the presence of a C=O bond in the molecule.
What is the purpose of using an IR absorption table in infrared spectroscopy?	An IR absorption table provides the wavenumber ranges for different types of bonds, allowing for the identification of particular functional groups and impurities in a molecule.
Describe the concept of wavenumber in infrared spectroscopy.	Wavenumber is a unit of measurement in infrared spectroscopy that represents the frequency of infrared radiation absorbed by a molecule. It is expressed in reciprocal centimeters (cm-¹).
Describe the spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid.	The spectra for O-H absorptions in ethanoic acid tend to be broad with an absorption or trough in the 2500-3000 cm-1 range.
What does an absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicate?	An absorption or trough in the 1680-1750 cm-1 range indicates the presence of a C=O bond.
How does the greenhouse effect work?	UV wavelength radiation passes through the atmosphere and heats up the Earth's surface. The Earth then radiates out infrared long wavelength radiation. The C=O bonds in CO2 absorb the infrared radiation, preventing it from escaping the atmosphere and warming the atmosphere.
What is the result of adding bromine water to an alkene?	The result of adding bromine water to an alkene is the decolorization of the orange color.
Define Tollens' reagent.	Tollens' reagent is formed by mixing aqueous ammonia and silver nitrate. It is used to test for the presence of aldehydes, which result in the formation of a silver mirror coating the inside of the test tube.

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