Halogens Flashcards

Halogens

A-Level AQA Chemistry

This pack of flashcards encompasses the physical and chemical properties of halogens, their reactivity, trends in periodic properties, and reactions with sulfuric acid. It covers electronegativity, melting and boiling points, reducing power of halides, and specifics of disproportionation and redox reactions involving chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Additionally, it addresses the use of chlorine in water treatment, and the nomenclature of chlorates and sulfates.

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Describe the reactions and observations when iodide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.	White steamy fumes of HI are evolved. Black solid and purple fumes of iodine are also evolved. A yellow solid of sulfur and a gas with a bad egg smell, H2S, are produced.
Define chlorates and sulfates according to IUPAC convention.	Chlorates and sulfates are compounds of chlorine and sulfur with oxygen, named with the relevant oxidation number in roman numerals.
What is the purpose of using a mixture of NaCl and NaClo?	The mixture is used as bleach and to disinfect/kill bacteria.
How does chlorine react with cold dilute NaOH solution?	Chlorine reacts with cold dilute NaOH to form NaCl and NaClo, and the solution becomes colorless.
What causes the greenish color of chlorine water to fade?	The greenish color fades as chlorine reacts with water to produce O2 gas.
What happens when chlorine is bubbled through water in the presence of sunlight?	Chlorine reacts with water to form HCl and HClo, and produces O2 gas.
Describe disproportionation reactions of chlorine.	Disproportionation is a reaction where chlorine simultaneously oxidizes and reduces.
Describe the physical properties of fluorine.	Fluorine is a very pale yellow gas and highly reactive.
Define the role of H2SO4 in the reaction of bromide with concentrated sulfuric acid.	H2SO4 acts as an acid in the first step producing HBr and then acts as an oxidizing agent in the second redox step.
What are the observations when bromide reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid?	White steamy fumes of HBr are evolved. Orange fumes of bromine are also evolved.
What happens fluoride and chloride react with concentrated sulfuric acid?	No redox reactions occur. Only acid-base reactions occur.
Describe the reducing power of halides as you go down group 7.	The reducing power of the halides down group 7.
Describe the trend in melting and boiling points of halogens.	The melting and boiling points increase down the group as the intermolecular forces get larger.
How does the electronegativity change as you go down the halogens group?	The electronegativity decreases down the group.
Define electronegativity.	Electronegativity is the relative tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons in a covalent bond to itself.
What is the color and reactivity of chlorine?	Chlorine is a greenish gas and highly reactive.

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